斯坦利・莫里森（STANLEY MORISON）在其著作《约翰・费尔博士遗赠牛津大学的罗马体、斜体与哥特体》（牛津大学出版社，牛津，1951 年）中，对 “费尔字体”（FELL TYPES）的描述开篇如下：“牛津印刷厂珍藏着英格兰现存最古老的字模与字坯，这些物件不仅被视为瑰宝，至今仍在使用 —— 由其浇铸的字体仍用于书籍及其他印刷品的排版。”

这一切本质上源于约翰・费尔神学博士（John Fell, D.D.）的遗愿。费尔博士于 1686 年 7 月 10 日与世长辞，享年 61 岁，生前曾任牛津主教及基督堂学院院长。自 1668 年起，他毕生致力于在牛津打造一座 “学术出版社”，为其配备了价值不菲的设备，为牛津出版业的未来奠定了高水准基石。

他曾在信中写道：“一切成功的根基都必须建立在精益求精之上，而我敢肯定，仅靠英文现有字体无法实现这一目标”（1672 年 12 月 2 日致詹金斯函）。因此，他广泛搜集欧洲大陆市场上的各类字体，主要源自法国、荷兰与德国。与此同时，费尔还决定在牛津自家的 “字体工坊” 中自主研发字体。

彼得・德・沃尔珀根（Peter De Walpergen）成为了他的专属字体铸字师。哈里・卡特（Harry Carter）在《费尔字体：其相关历史与发展》（牛津大学出版社，纽约，1968 年）中记载：“沃尔珀根出生于美因河畔法兰克福，祖上是来自安特卫普的新教难民。1671 年，他受荷兰东印度公司雇佣，前往爪哇担任铸字师与印刷工。从其字体设计的相对粗糙程度来看，他似乎并未接受过专业的字模雕刻训练。”

约翰・费尔将大号字体的雕刻工作托付给了他，包括：大初号罗马体与斜体、双派卡罗马体与斜体、法式 canon 罗马体与斜体、三行派卡罗马体。此外，沃尔珀根还雕刻了其他字体，并为现有字体补充了适配字符，以确保与大号字体风格协调统一。莫里森评价道：“这些费尔大号字体的设计难以简单定义，也无法完全令人满意。它与 17 世纪下半叶的荷兰字体设计存在一定关联，尤其与‘埃尔塞维尔遗孀字体样本册’中归于克里斯托弗・范・戴克（Christoffel van Dyck）名下的大号字体风格相近；但沃尔珀根在笔画粗细对比上更为极端，且其设计中存在一些粗糙之处，这是范・戴克绝不会出现的情况。”

1686 年，约翰・费尔逝世。他在遗嘱中将全部字体藏品遗赠给牛津大学。莫里森回忆道：“这批包含‘字模、字坯、铸模等全套铸字工具’的藏品，是约翰・费尔‘与他人耗费巨资’搜集而成。费尔在遗嘱中要求执行人‘妥善保管、不可拆分’，这一遗愿得到了忠实履行。牛津大学的校监、学监及全体学者秉持荣誉，致力于维护‘学术与印刷事业’的发展，因此这批藏品并未散佚，得以完整留存至今。”

STANLEY MORISON, in his “THE ROMAN ITALIC & BLACK LETTER bequeathed to the University of Oxford by Dr. JOHN FELL” (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1951), began this way the description of the FELL TYPES: "The Oxford Printing house holds the oldest punches and matrices surviving in England, material not only treasured but used; types cast therefrom being employed for the composition of books and other printed matter."

It’s essentially the inheritance of the will of John Fell, D.D. who died on 10 July 1686, aged 61, Bishop of Oxford and Dean of Christ Church. Since 1668 he spent his life creating a ‘learned press’ in Oxford, endowed with invaluable equipment, setting a high standard for the future of his publishing.

He wrote: "The foundation of all successe must be layd in doing things well, and I am sure that will not be don with English letters" (to Jenkins, 2 Dec. 1672). So he collectected types available in the foreign market: mainly France, Holland and Germany. Fell decided to develop types in its own ‘workhouse’ too.

Peter De Walpergen became his personal type-founder. Says Harry Carter in “THE FELL TYPES. What has been done in and about them” (Oxford University Press, New York, 1968): "He was born at Frankfurt am Main, descended from a Protestant refugee from Antwerp. He was engaged by the Dutch East India Company in 1671 to work as a type-founder and printer in Java. The comparative crudity of his letter design makes it seems unlikely that he had been trained to cut punches."

John Fell entrusted him with the cut of the larger bodies: Great Primer Roman and Italic; Double Pica Roman and Italic; French Canon Roman and Italic; Three Lines Pica Roman. De Walpergen cut other types and letters for existing types to be harmonized with the larger bodies. Commented Morison: "The design of these large Fell Types is difficult to characterize and impossible wholly to approve. It has some affinity with the Dutch work of the second half of the seventeenth century, especially with the bigger size of type shown in the Widow Elsevier’s specimen-sheet of types attributed to Christoffel van Dyck; but De Walpergen went much further in the contrasting weight of thick and thin strokes and his design has crudities about it of which Van Dyck would not have been capable."

In 1686 John Fell died. In his “will” he bequeathed the entire collection of type to the University of Oxford. Remembers Morison: "This entire collection of ‘founding Materialls of Punchions Matrices Moulds’ was ‘got together’ by John Fell ‘and others at great expense’. Fell’s instructions that they ‘be carefully kept together’ by his executors were duly observed. The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Oxford honourably played their part in sustaining the interests of ‘learning and printing’ and thus the collection was not dissipated but manteined entire."

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本字体以SIL Open Font License 1.1（SIL 开源字型授权版本1.1，简称SIL OFL 或OFL）授权协议发布，这个授权的自由度非常高：

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字体来源出处1：https://github.com/google/fonts/tree/main/ofl/imfelldoublepica

字体来源出处2：https://github.com/google-fonts-bower/IMFellDoublePica-bower

字体来源出处3：https://github.com/librefonts/IMFellDoublePica

字体来源出处4：https://fonts.google.com/specimen/IM+Fell+Double+Pica （需要科学上网才能打开）

字体来源出处4：https://github.com/google/fonts/tree/main/ofl/imfelldoublepicasc

字体来源出处5：https://github.com/google-fonts-bower/IMFellDoublePicaSc-bower

字体来源出处6：https://github.com/librefonts/IMFellDoublePicaSc

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注：下载包中已包含IM Fell Double Pica（常规版）、IM Fell Double Pica Italic（斜体版） 及 IM Fell Double Pica SC（小型大写版）

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